Protocols
Research Stage
The 2026 Yuan review in International Journal of Molecular Sciences reveals a critical design constraint: BPC-157's analgesic mechanisms peak early through eNOS-mediated nitric oxide modulation and cytokine suppression, while its structural repair cascade unfolds over days to weeks. Aligning route, timing, and injury phase to both endpoints requires understanding where those pathways converge and where they diverge.
September 15, 2026
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11 min read
Protocols
Research Stage
Compounding or selling retatrutide outside a registered clinical trial is both federally illegal and clinically unsafe in 2026. The FDA has explicitly stated that retatrutide cannot be legally compounded under either the 503A or 503B pathways. No reference standard exists for purity verification, and Eli Lilly has filed multiple lawsuits against companies selling the compound illicitly.
September 10, 2026
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10 min read
Protocols
Research Stage
The FDA's Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee voted in favour of adding six peptides — BPC-157, KPV, TB-500, MOTS-c, Epitalon, and Semax — to the 503A bulk list in July 2026, overriding staff opposition. That vote is non-binding and changes nothing in current law. For four of the six, the FDA's own briefing documents found no human safety studies at all.
September 9, 2026
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11 min read
Protocols
Research Stage
A 2025 PNAS study from Yale found that semaglutide recruits — rather than silences — AgRP hunger neurons in female mice, and that this recruitment is required for the drug's full weight-lowering effect. A parallel JCI study confirmed rapid AgRP inhibition at pharmacologic doses, revealing a context-dependent, bidirectional relationship between GLP-1 receptor agonists and hypothalamic hunger circuitry.
September 7, 2026
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11 min read
Protocols
Research Stage
Neither BPC-157 nor TB-500 has completed a human randomised controlled trial for ulcerative colitis, wound healing, or pain as of 2026. FDA staff concluded the evidence was inadequate for all three indications. An advisory committee nonetheless voted 8-6 in favour of adding both to the 503A compounding list — a non-binding recommendation that has not yet changed legal compounding status.
September 3, 2026
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11 min read
Protocols
Research Stage
As of 2026, the human dose-response record for BPC-157 consists of a Phase 1 tolerability study in two healthy adults, an unpublished Phase 2 enema trial in ulcerative colitis, and a small number of soft-tissue case series. No dose-response curve has been established in humans for any indication. FDA reviewers characterised the available data as sparse, short, and exploratory.
September 2, 2026
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11 min read