Protocols
Research Stage
The ATTAIN-1 Phase 3 trial (Wharton et al., NEJM 2025) showed once-daily oral orforglipron produced dose-dependent mean body-weight reductions at all three approved maintenance doses versus placebo at 72 weeks. Post-hoc modelling linked the highest approved dose to a predicted 57% reduction in 10-year type 2 diabetes risk and an 18% reduction in predicted cardiovascular disease risk versus placebo.
October 22, 2026
·
11 min read
Protocols
Research Stage
Current evidence indicates that semaglutide is associated with a statistically significant increase in the risk of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), particularly in patients with type 2 diabetes or obesity. The absolute excess risk is approximately 3–4 additional cases per 10,000 treated patients over 18 months. Tirzepatide carries a similar signal. Causality has not been established.
October 20, 2026
·
11 min read
Protocols
Research Stage
The 2026 narrative review by Sever, Sikiric, and colleagues in Pharmaceuticals (MDPI, 19(10):1559) positions stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as a prototype cytoprotective agent for liver injury. Across rodent models of paracetamol toxicity, alcohol damage, CCl4 exposure, and ischemia-reperfusion, BPC 157 attenuated hepatocyte injury, reduced oxidative stress markers, and preserved endothelial integrity — matching or outperforming standard hepatoprotective agents.
October 19, 2026
·
11 min read
Protocols
Research Stage
The LIGHTEN Phase III trial reported 19.3% mean body-weight reduction at 48 weeks with olatorepatide 15 mg weekly in 604 Chinese adults. Investigators attribute this to olatorepatide's dual-biased receptor pharmacology, which preferentially amplifies cAMP signalling over beta-arrestin recruitment at both GLP-1R and GIPR, producing strong efficacy with a nausea rate of only 7.8% and zero GI-related discontinuations.
October 16, 2026
·
11 min read
Protocols
Research Stage
The 2026 first-in-human Phase I trial of GZC8072 — a once-weekly oral peptide GLP-1 receptor agonist by Gan & Lee Pharmaceuticals — is designed to answer precisely this question. The 112-participant SAD/MAD study evaluates safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics in healthy adults and people with overweight or obesity. No efficacy data have been reported; the trial is actively enrolling.
October 12, 2026
·
9 min read
Protocols
Research Stage
The 2026 Yuan review in IJMS (27:2876) establishes that BPC-157's repair and analgesic effects are convergent, not parallel. The VEGFR2–Akt–eNOS axis drives both angiogenesis and nitric oxide–mediated analgesia; cytokine suppression limits tissue damage and nociceptor sensitisation simultaneously; FAK–paxillin coordinates fibroblast repair. Three shared signalling nodes explain the compound's dual pharmacology from a single 15-amino-acid sequence.
October 12, 2026
·
10 min read